炎帝故里—历史文化名山宜苏山
炎帝故居宜苏山,在洛阳西北部黄河流域的孟津区横水镇东部文公村,这里是赫苏氏生活、居住的地方,古时为华胥古国,因为赫苏氏功绩赫然,所以,当地人们习惯地称之为苏山。宜苏山还有一个名字叫做潜亭山。https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/dc7d93df58c1430abd4f00c782b9bb21~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOays-a0m-aWh-WPsuWtmeiAgeW4iA==.image?x-expires=2010673345&x-signature=1MyVEXjYRq2yPvrNPIdruVY%2BCXQ%3D
《山海经》云:又东四十里,曰宜苏之山,其上多金玉,其下多蔓居之木。滽滽之水出焉,而北流注于河,是多黄贝。 宜苏之山:即宜苏山,山名,在今河南孟津县境内。蔓居:木名,具体所指待考。一说指蔓荆,又叫荆,落叶小灌木,高约3米,小叶阔卵形,花冠淡紫色。 滽(yong)滽之水:即滽滽水,水名,应为今河南孟津区横水镇的横河。
翻译过来就是:再往东四十里有座山,名叫宜苏山,山上有很多金和玉,山下长着许多蔓居木。滽滽水发源于此山,向北流入黄河,水中有很多黄色的贝。
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嘉庆版《孟津县志卷一.沿革考》:“赫苏是为赫胥,《路史》曰:‘赫苏氏之为治也,光曜赫奕而隆,名有不居即以胥而自况。九洛泰定,爰脱洒於潜山,今津之西境有潜亭山,苏山其故墟也。’” 宜苏山又名苏山,是由苏山、潜亭山(潜山)、沼泽岭、穀城南岭、簸箕岭等四五座大大小小的山组成。潜亭山的得名于汉代,当时朝廷在这座山上建有一座驿站,驿站附近建了一个亭子,人们称这座亭子为潜亭。因为潜亭驿站是朝廷传递公文邮件的重要地方,当时的人们又称潜亭为街邮亭。潜亭山为什么又称潜山呢?因为这座山满山上下都是大大小小潜伏流出的山泉,潜山因此得名。 .. 潜亭山北边的山脚下是瀍河的中源,清清的泉水从地下涌出形成河流,这条河就是瀍河。瀍河众山环绕,碧水青山,堪称人间仙景。明清之际,孟津人总结出“孟津八大景”,“潜亭流碧”就是“孟津八大景”之一。 传说上古时期,苏山一带人烟稠密,后人称苏山为“赫苏氏之墟。”墟,是村落、是人类聚居的地方,也是炎帝的都城。赫字,是两个赤字并肩而立,赤是火的本色,赫字和炎字的意思表达相同,均指炎帝。宜苏山北部紧邻谷城山,炎帝曾在谷城山上种植谷子,炎帝就以谷城山附近的宜苏山作为部落的都城。炎帝出生在平逢山炎帝窩,在炎帝幼年时和母亲有嬌氏部落住在一起。到了炎帝青少年时期,炎帝部落从有嬌氏部落分出,独立成家立业,移居宜苏山。
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在殷商时期,宜苏山上就建有炎帝庙和汤王庙,这两座庙宇都建在宜苏山峰巅,炎帝庙中祭祀的神衹就是炎帝。当地百姓们又称汤王庙为“高庙”,千百年来,炎帝庙和汤王庙前都有庙会,是四方百姓心目中的圣地。
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瀍河主源发源于孟津县横水镇穀城山、潜亭山、宜苏山一带。相传,唐代大文学家韩愈就诞生在这里。韩在朝为官,职至吏部侍郎,卒谥文,人称“韩文公”。有诗为证:“旧籍在东都(洛阳),我家本瀍谷(瀍河源头)。”可见韩愈的祖籍就在瀍河的源头,文公即是他的诞生地。他晚年遭贬,回归故里,兴办学堂,躬身事教,培养了一大批饱学之士。为了纪念韩老夫子造福乡梓的浩浩鸿恩,后人便把此村落定名为“文公”。
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宜苏山所在的区域,是古代农耕文明的发源地。瀍”字的字面含义就是人在水边居住,说明瀍河流域就是古代适合耕作生活的地区。宜苏山地处黄土高原余脉的邙山地带,黄土层深厚,宜苏山及谷城山地区是瀍河源头,地下水丰富,经过上千年的开发,土地平整,粮食产量稳定,人民安居乐业,反映了黄河流域的瀍河流域就是中华民族的重要发祥地之一。(文章部分参考:孟津文化学者李根柱老师《宜苏山赫苏氏之墟》、《故乡的瀍河》)
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