古法传习——手工朱丝栏 乌丝栏｜道益精深袁国栋
【前言】袁国栋画“朱丝栏 乌丝栏”
戴家妙
中国美术学院教授
研究书法史，一般只注意书家与作品。而历代书迹的流传，却离不开刻手、拓工、装潢以及各种辅助的工艺，其中画“朱丝栏”“乌丝栏”，便是历史悠久的手艺。
中国汉字书写自上而下、自右而左，为了保持整齐，画好格子再写字，应该很早就有。西周青铜铭文中已见此例，当属最早的格子。目前所见马王堆帛书《老子》上有用朱笔仿照简册形式画的界栏，这大概是青铜铭文画格子的“升级版”，是最早的“朱丝栏”了。有文字记录是唐代李肇《唐国史补》卷下中记：“宋亳间，有织成界道绢素，谓之乌丝栏、朱丝栏。”说在宋州、亳州等地，出现了成批生产的带有“界道”的绢素，可供大家抄写使用。黄庭坚在《题杨凝式书》诗中云：“俗书只识《兰亭》面，欲换凡骨无金丹。谁知洛阳杨风子，下笔便到乌丝栏。” 可见，唐以后“乌丝栏”就很流行了。郁逢庆《续书画题跋》中还做了比较，称：“乌丝栏唐界黑而细，宋人淡墨而粗，此唐界宋界之别。”
可以想象，在雕版印刷未发明前，著录、阅读靠抄本进行。即使在五代雕版刷印流行之后，有些珍藏的善本秘籍，亦赖传抄保存。明清以后的大藏书家，更是花心思、花财力，请名书手抄写，以毛氏汲古阁最为著名。叶德辉《书林清话》中认为：“汲古阁影宋精抄，古今绝作。字画、纸张、乌丝、图章，追摹宋刻，为近世无有。”把乌丝栏与字画、纸张、印章等元素并列起来，最为重视。而观现传之《三历撮要》《盘洲乐章》《梅屋诗馀》等，乌丝栏堪称一绝，乌丝极细，神采奕奕，精美无比。晚清以来，像张元济、陶湘这样的文人都有自己专用的带有乌丝栏（或其他颜色）的笺纸，以示身分，也是精彩纷呈，佳构迭出。
可是，随着现代印刷技术的普及，机器代替了人工，画“乌丝栏”的这道工艺便少有人关注了。2017年，我因筹备个展，常去品图阁商议一些纸张材料的准备工作，看到有人在画“朱丝栏”，认真投入，效果极佳。一问得知画者为袁君国栋，是一位专业画家，师从王伟平教授。性格安静，干细活得心应手。2012年，参加清华大学美术学院全国美术理论研究与书画创作高级研修班。2014年，在中国美术学院花鸟画专业深造。毕业后，曾就职于杭州国画院。而此时品图阁业务蒸蒸日上，想到恢复“乌丝栏”“朱丝栏”，以期接续古风。于是，请袁君来专门负责，兼任专职画家。没过多久，勤学苦干的国栋就画得自如潇洒。好几次，我在旁观摩，发现他用自制的工具，毛笔加完朱液，画出来的效果逼近古人，远超用硬笔画出来的效果。在“不负初心”展览中，我试用了几张，甚是满意。
品图阁的“朱丝栏”很快在圈子里传开来，求画者络绎不绝。而国栋依然还是不激不厉，一边画着各种式样的格子，一边钻研他的绘画，成果连连。2018年11月，作品《暮色》入选“千载清风——纪念文同诞生一千周年中国当代墨竹大展”。2019年12月，作品《青山春晓》入选“浙江风采——浙江省美术馆界成果展”。前些日子，他给我微信留言，计划做个帖子，宣传下传统的“乌丝栏”“朱丝栏”，属我引言几句，而我干细活素来不行，对袁君的耐心与细致，全身心投入去恢复古代工艺，非常钦佩。其中的甘苦，只有画过之后才能体会到。“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，袁君的“朱丝栏”“乌丝栏”，可谓是当今书法创作的一种“利器”矣。
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吴昌硕
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc8cabab24be4a20afe9e06b0fa8e10d~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=pC%2FVH36c%2FcvJPqhb4tqpA3kvKLA%3D
邓石如
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c9ba405fb8049b6be7dfa99891571d6~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=5%2B2H6ueLjreZRN1cl5NLDOyReng%3D
于右任
https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca6f9833c1534292982a108975264cc7~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=ggWm2f5k5wQcq2I4lBUCpoYaJ5U%3D
沙孟海
袁
国
栋
古
法
制
格
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2011da3ac17f4c6da1253037ab658a75~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=B6vl6qC%2FCOcynQ8i3R6sXxUfKi8%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78988d315794459b8e5d11b4d1ab7649~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=aTd7xZ6zJ2FBnW5S1Xcb9idIh0U%3D
仿明_文徵明书金刚经格
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c81c559cece4f68af6e856aff6b833c~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=32I17%2BymigCedzuzoJJC8nLEYKk%3D
大字阴符经格局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f83e64eabd2c4ef9b507054920afd25a~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=BGXGpia%2FrGY7Z3xMlvSMQl3bWDg%3D
千字文格局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5caa66155834f79936982c54344c658~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=fWXCCWzJhsXLJQHy5zIxfvqrJas%3D
道德经手卷格局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ae72d81dfbd457396504df147658e1e~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=y42Gssoa0ggXkAgaSSOhARGDIHA%3D
兰亭序格
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/80d1a578e80242d68725e4bf00678893~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=9YsyYdfe74E3xHL%2FcstgaxPCNa0%3D
https://p9-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/edcc8c68f0724e2ab34e846e7d892c7a~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=03WSRReA6%2BUxZoGIOGx9qxDQnZY%3D
常用格子
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a168359b246745feb839649454b85348~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=Kteko%2FpR70%2FhPSpw4Jahp3NmItM%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b87f09855ce44664959005dce064348d~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=XQYVP%2BbW55MpYkQ1r08gA%2BkCCjY%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/355d4553c7064d78ad1388527afecf69~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=085EDz9R4jPTDoFx5LMhRLghs9c%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55f6fa9b63b34df4bcb3b8a39bdb8948~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=cAzRT182ZZmWcFW6VwCpLvfBOpg%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b47a5885e9c4a8fa368dfa8845f4e25~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=3UnUIVCPb%2FFVmARaHQCJseY1zXE%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/443eb0fedbdf49a8b07f75648a45be63~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=rNaGjRwE1cBxzvL%2Bz3xHU1XvENs%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e8363351f15540f3ad5f8154be9842a3~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=WJtMz45e%2B0rJrTnA0NY%2FewudMNs%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b62d63d764644faa89581ccbe1f8d974~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=zm4nLAf4NYqPU9rCGoWYdRKq8%2Bc%3D
https://p9-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15d140a0a1c642e395ff74483e8ee424~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=if%2Bz7YJn9gk%2BqZHbUMEr%2FH9kSTc%3D
袁
国
栋
制
格
图
例
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab3f63e77eb34395a9db0b77c358bb7e~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=6W3dI5HQewzcGkfPk14rub07B7g%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/986bf4e9d6a24085893731020c229f34~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=LfcOKlmRMJk1vhI6XHeiEsTGLmo%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7dc9118f8498411e9a7cd9a9999974fd~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=xz%2Bm1q4%2FRkybJuDDctGxZkuiJWQ%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ff82193e8d92470781d0e5d7d78c6654~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=r8Eu3hBs3vmju9SP1456%2F%2BxZeTw%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/724e75c518bf4e9081f7420c195c36c9~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=B8%2Bt9sRGq0B%2F6vuNsDZImh%2FFCW0%3D
《大通堂正書金剛般若波羅蜜經》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf1433d788ea4ff8ba5d567c575fdc89~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=EU0DOSClDiyYF8IZyTEaKlZ1R9s%3D
《大通堂楷書觀世音菩薩普門品》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88ca108deeeb497db86662b0afd14614~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=lnLguuNp4emysUnuH%2B2judLiPZ4%3D
《大通堂小楷老子道德經卷》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f8e2ee95dd24070afc5407bbcad26a0~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=MzltYwR9%2Fm0CVxM%2BzE71MvrH%2FSs%3D
《大通堂書文天祥正氣歌》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c989e2f835164c32a44626004ae1d6b8~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=%2FyL9LsgofIFtT3DRfC3dXVKpja8%3D
《大通堂小楷永嘉玄覺禪師證道歌》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79df082525934d819d6851f709d39547~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=PAdcmyd6c9WbRyu5%2Bde2RebNdM0%3D
《大通堂書孫過庭書譜》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee608eae209c43e0ad16a60c8d2c52ec~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=E4LFy6w%2F%2B5N8tg8gOjLVXbFk1Q0%3D
《大通堂行草千字文》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1d30da7e3e9b4af3b64f0cd60ac64c17~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=Z4A82jUa7WlXDyPbQwIrPvkAF5g%3D
《大通堂臨古·褚遂良陰符經》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d1838677903c48d8be1ccfe0f025e31f~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=tgE1RNi1BeVxvId8G%2FAx2r8Ug8E%3D
《大通堂書百藥集》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bbdd66e5246b4fe086a35f084c1c3630~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=vqU36Xbf5cpiUtOQqVGl9ZBVa1k%3D
《彌勒菩薩八十頌金剛經》局部
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6f4011b6489471ea0b78a3ca2cebaba~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=eO7GuHu1fQ6GIh4l%2Fe4V8lMx0U4%3D
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/539e42f4db69455fb44e2aa07a736cb9~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=7X06EZYqRYOvGQZbNE3Ld2OAQLA%3D
【后 记】
江南、杭州、袁国栋、朱丝栏，将这四个名词直观的连缀起来，便是此贴的核心所在。
国栋先生沉潜心智、传习古法，手工绘制“朱丝栏”已越五年之久了。他为人持朴示真，又是丹青妙手，之于纸墨甄别，经营计算自是游刃匠心。其所绘丝栏品式丰富，中堂、手卷、册页、对联、信笺、拓片、条屏，一应俱全。生宣、熟宣、泥金、泥银、粉彩、蜡笺、罗纹、连史、扎花，各类纸性的把握也能应机而对。近年来在全国各类大展上，入展获奖作品中涉及到形式多样的“朱丝栏”、“乌丝栏”不乏多出自其手者。
天道酬勤，功不唐捐，古法手工绘制丝栏界格是件磨人脾性的事儿，颇近传统的练心之术，没有不激不厉的心境，笔下怎么能牵扯万仞游丝呢！国栋先生持默而行，风规自远，是位不可多得传古者。
曹祐福
2021年12月
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac69651f094844e59857c4ebe7cddce0~tplv-tt-large.image?_iz=30575&lk3s=06827d14&x-expires=1710370339&x-signature=YLuN63N9L7DWauc%2F4zPcBoWGYVM%3D
画家 袁国栋
页:
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