心梗、流感、鼻炎……专家们教你预防“冬季高发病”
冬天来了~而到来的不止是寒冷,还有各种高发的疾病!这些疾病不止感冒发烧那么简单:有的病让人突然中招!
有的病容易反反复复!
有的病甚至危险致命!
下面这6种冬季高发病,大家一定要重点预防!
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急性心梗
JINGYITONG
急性心梗 :心脏血管堵死了
急性心梗
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxaz7kg6tGW~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=%2Fza4XZ4W5c2clX4PHCXiv0jTKnE%3D
1. 为什么冬季易心梗?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxbV9SUB3Y5~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=O6%2Fij128Zlao7jhavzkYrjGzO3w%3D
气温低血管易收缩痉挛,可能出现心肌缺血缺氧
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxbrGswLghc~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=%2B14FuZyD0HdiI6VLDZFfFHVCKLc%3D
室内外
温差大
血压会忽高忽低,冠心病人血管里的斑块更易破裂,形成血栓
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxc73shjP3V~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=o8EwUVOTUunQ79JW61gdAqdUbUc%3D
易感冒抵抗力弱的老人感冒后可增加心脏负担,诱发心梗
2. 心梗有什么症状?
https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxcUBeaqQBD~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=NBZOr1FLfLOlq7bV01qM9kpiy8k%3D
胸痛、憋闷、气短、大汗
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxyF9n0vjGl~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=rZH3s1mWPaCZGvosfp571x4XsG0%3D
左肩、左臂、后背等可有放射痛
点击查看
▼
《怀疑急性心梗要如何急救》
3. 哪些人需要警惕心梗?
❶ 冠心病患者;
❷ 肥胖的人;
❸ “三高”患者;
❹长期吸烟的人。
4. 如何预防心梗?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxylA1NW0XF~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833633&x-signature=nhcTNgsWMxx4DRuZeuq9yb%2FGO7k%3D
冠心病、三高病人规律服药
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwxzr853vVUe~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=7wsaqdyKjKPj0Mu73fEUFjv8yRI%3D
出门注意保暖,尤其脑袋、脖子等部位
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwy0C5Tfouwo~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=fIoVFnkJMZ9eFyDsEO7kHdcZS6o%3D
规律饮食,少吃高油高盐食物
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwy0b3iv0jGC~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=gUOkiyJeMPDt%2FRN2uG24vEiA2iE%3D
规律日常锻炼,防止感冒
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脑中风
JINGYITONG
脑中风 :脑血管堵了或破了。
脑中风
1. 为什么冬季易中风?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyLHEw7LHX4~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=sypyDglpOY2ewX1BQULbr4di%2Fbs%3D
气温骤降脑血管收缩,血压突然升高可引发脑出血
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyLo2oW4wKk~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=hphcOYDoAjuTBPMwBm1W7fV5oR8%3D
室内外
温差大
血压会忽高忽低,可使血管里的斑块不稳定,引发脑梗
2. 中风有什么症状?
❶ 突然头晕或头痛;
❷ 一侧肢体无力,走路缓慢易失去平衡;
❸ 嘴角歪斜,或一侧眼睛看不见;
❹ 突然口齿不清,或听不懂别人说话。
《出现症状如何急救》
3. 哪些人需要警惕中风?
❶ “三高患者”;
❷ 明显超重或肥胖的人;
❸ 吸烟、经常饮酒的人;
❹有房颤或心脏瓣膜病的人。
4. 如何预防中风?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyM7CARwSwe~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=4lIRIk8NRMNX5C943oqI4UE0lF8%3D
三高病人规律服药
https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyMW4Mv3xv4~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=IWK1rTaGcy9GMskKZbogILvBnD4%3D
房颤、瓣膜病病人规范治疗
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyMqDX9Z9ZT~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=7HhnchRqFh8IrnKc4yAfqxLh5ms%3D
出门注意保暖,尤其脑袋、脖子等部位
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyfk4JLDcQ~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=HhLERJDcSJaMm37mBqD0WWq2rqI%3D
规律饮食,少吃高油高盐食物
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwyg3BrfMQxM~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=UX6HyAGTxmueiww1512g3CL3rXQ%3D
规律日常锻炼
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慢性支气管炎
JINGYITONG
慢性支气管炎:气管发炎,咳个不停。
慢性支气管炎
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwygIAWzJQmS~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=KSeDHgVm0ntFXPHPnGBsBtxqo%2Fg%3D
1. 为何冬季“慢支”易发作?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwygeAAU5l4x~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=ePWx6%2FxF8sxN2eKmNKU02bq%2Fpuw%3D
干冷空气刺激呼吸道粘膜导致黏膜充血、水肿,痰液阻塞,易继发感染。
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwygyC02qKkD~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=xTqTk60STqkso3OvOOz%2FQmIuM7c%3D
温差加大抵抗力降低,老年人更易出现呼吸道感染甚至迁延不愈,引起慢支发作。
2. “慢支”有哪些症状?
❶ 咳嗽咳痰(连续2年以上,每次持续3个月以上);
❷ 气短喘息(合并哮喘时较明显)。
3. 哪些人需要警惕“慢支”?
❶ 长期吸烟者;
❷ 常年接触粉尘、工业废气等污染的职业人员;
❸ 反复出现呼吸道感染的患者(如老年人)。
4. 如何预防“慢支”?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwz0n7NcglBn~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=1%2B0qceENXihVfaim7ThN8tXbIFI%3D
戒烟、避免吸入有害气体和有害颗粒
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwz1K2mGHWVO~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=AnPqFD%2Bwqhc8WPgaq63NUwO63E4%3D
规律锻炼,增强体质防感冒
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwz1b1o4f4eA~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=Jh9PIUBeQoyR4pVk0nOL1F2tVTg%3D
外出适当保暖,冷水洗鼻或佩戴口罩
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过敏性鼻炎
JINGYITONG
过敏性鼻炎 :鼻塞流涕,可能整个冬天
过敏性鼻炎
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwz1x1MqHgVF~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=FlYDC7Xd8jMNhpV7g%2B5mN2BDgqk%3D
1. 为什么冬季“鼻炎”高发?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwz2MFwdbWni~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=b1wqMlWPC00AbQigViRVN%2BL1R%2BA%3D
冷空气
刺激
温差过大,易使过敏体质的人引发鼻炎
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzLU6N0vQdH~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=sJROEd9khHqxaxlgte82ion72go%3D
空气干燥湿度过低也可使鼻子的不适症状加重
2. 过敏性鼻炎有哪些症状?
❶ 鼻塞、流鼻涕(严重者可影响嗅觉);
❷ 鼻痒、喷嚏不断;
❸ 眼、耳、咽喉等多处也可发痒。
❹与感冒的区别:过敏性鼻炎不具备传染性、不会引起发烧、不会导致咽喉疼痛
《过敏性鼻炎的治疗》
3. 鼻炎发作如何预防?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzLuDhUBNN9~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=Wz82OKbIHbcZXB6YRKi2TcOuFSo%3D
注意冬季口鼻部保暖
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzME9AoDZVd~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=LeHjI6RTWGuN68dnPuP2mWPpnFQ%3D
远离过敏原,定期清洗床单被罩等
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzMW9hzyBeO~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=NHLUob1ZX7oxFJQex%2FZNZhAWl4w%3D
适当运动锻炼,劳逸结合
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流感
JINGYITONG
流感 :被流感病毒感染了。
流感
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzMtC4FMbFa~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=1ITJSGClAtoxGi%2Bu9x3paufg6xI%3D
1. 为什么冬季流感高发?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzyH5sOoBgO~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=p8LIF8RkM573fDlcTMBcpjwnSWA%3D
气温低更适合病毒存活传播
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzykDiJY8Bc~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=rC8iguagsC7wNO0xHWjH6lnajK4%3D
通风少流感病毒靠飞沫和接触传染,冬季不通风利于传播
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzz54A3tEC7~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=QqUODU%2FqRQQsWnD7JMwOlGqTM8M%3D
湿度低冬季室内干燥利于病毒空气中传播
2. 流感有哪些症状?
❶ 骤然发烧,常超过39℃(可冷得发抖);
❷ 浑身肌肉酸痛;
❸ 非常疲惫乏力。
注意:有时还可伴有头痛、较重的咳嗽等,观察24小时有明显上述症状建议就诊!
3. 哪些人建议优先打疫苗?
❶ 6个月以上婴幼儿、儿童、老年人;
❷ 特定慢性病患者(冠心病、三高、肝肾功能不全、免疫缺陷等);
❸ 医务人员及婴儿的家人和看护人员;
❹ 准备在流感季节怀孕的女性。
4. 如何预防流感?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzzQFWjJszu~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=wNfQicfpVcuP9YEz63v8ajQFhoA%3D
养成良好卫生习惯,勤洗手、少揉眼睛、抠鼻子等
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzzkC5WpIhC~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=tpWwUFklZ2%2B3GRuDrkKeDbiA7oc%3D
少去人群聚集场所,去时佩戴口罩
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0OrCIw4FVy~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=%2B3GswNzabVDUJNAAVq3NRNf3CYI%3D
均衡饮食、适度运动、规律作息增强抵抗力
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诺如病毒
JINGYITONG
诺如病毒 :感染引起急性胃肠炎。
诺如病毒
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJwzMtC4FMbFa~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=1ITJSGClAtoxGi%2Bu9x3paufg6xI%3D
1. 为何冬季诺如病毒高发?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0PJEFa12UN~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=iyJd1%2BFKusotseRWvM340zBLIK0%3D
气温低适于病毒生存
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0PY7XdIpaU~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=eIckjhmZ4ZUnLwWFZw4RyRnNXhw%3D
冬季
通风少
利于病毒通过手、口、粪便、呕吐物等传播。
2. 感染“诺如病毒”什么症状?
❶ 腹泻、呕吐(一般可持续2~3天);
❷ 还可出现恶心、腹痛、头疼、发热等;
❸ 儿童感染恶心呕吐更凸显。
注意:不要简单认为是吃坏肚子,症状较重或出现发热、脱水需及时就诊。
3. 如何预防“诺如病毒”?
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0Q5IYrosGK~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=N9%2Bi2nreMIAS%2BBg0Xb%2BLP1LwY3A%3D
养成良好习惯,饭前、便后勤洗手
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0moIgZivTP~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=dFOO%2FSXxbdu4VeGM9Mm5QAUNjqo%3D
食物生熟分开,充分加热后食用
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0nJGIVAcRA~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=vwZuj3gobJF6oBZCocKyggNlpfg%3D
保持室内空气流通,每日不少于2次,每次不少于30分钟
https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SJJx0nYEimugE~tplv-tt-large-asy2:5aS05p2hQOWFieaYjue9kQ==.image?x-expires=2009833634&x-signature=qZ8BzliKEOdPEBf9hqyso3IZ2SQ%3D
感染者需在家隔离,每日用家用含氯消毒液消毒染污的地方及物件
当然了,除了注意预防上述冬天高发的疾病的同时,也别对同样可能进入高发期的“新冠”松懈!
不放过任何一个小的习惯,让我们一起健康度过这个漫长的冬天!
京医通
联合审稿专家:
米玉红 北京安贞医院 急诊危重症中心EICU 主任医师
马玉栋 北京安贞医院 神经介入科 副主任医师
夏静鸿 北京安贞医院 感染科 副主任医师
杨红霞 北京安贞医院 综合心内科 副主任医师
张丽川 北京安贞医院 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 副主任医师
来源: 京医通
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